Amid rising geopolitical risks, PM Modi asks ministries to identify imports that can be replaced with local goods

Published 16 July 2026 · politics

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is taking steps to reduce key imports into the economy in order to protect supply chains and ease pressure on

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is taking steps to reduce key imports into the economy in order to protect supply chains and ease pressure on the currency as geopolitical risks escalate. Modi’s office ordered key ministries to identify categories of goods in which import dependence is high, and can be replaced by locally made products, according to officials familiar with the matter. The government is considering subsidies and other incentives to help boost domestic production, they said, asking not to be identified because the discussions are private. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry is preparing a list of more than 100 products, including electronics, chemicals, key drugs, fertilizers, semiconductors, automobiles and machinery, which could be scaled up, the people said. The discussions are taking place across several ministries and a decision hasn’t been finalized yet, the officials said. The latest move to boost domestic manufacturing came on Wednesday, with Modi’s cabinet approving a plan to increase financial support for chip and smartphone production by another 1.9 trillion rupees ($19.7 billion). It also approved a policy to raise local fertilizer production following shortages linked to the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. India’s manufacturing is heavily reliant on imported inputs, especially from China, making the industry vulnerable if supplies are restricted, as India’s auto and tech industries have experienced over the past year.

The Iran war has only exposed India’s dependency even further, with severe energy shortages and soaring import bills in recent months, which pushed the currency to record lows. “Export controls are being used to deny critical components — from rare earths to semiconductors — to countries that need them. If this is the world we have to live in, where industrial policies are weaponized, self-reliance is the need of the hour,” said Gaurav Kapur, economist with IndusInd Bank. India imported nearly $775 billion worth of goods during the financial year ending March, with almost a fifth of that coming from China alone. Building domestic capacity is now a key pillar of Modi’s economic agenda, with an objective to narrow the trade deficit, preserve foreign exchange and position India as an alternative manufacturing hub to China. India’s free trade agreements with partners such as the European Union are also expected to attract fresh investment and deepen the country’s manufacturing base, economists said. “Such self-reliance is born out of necessity, not necessarily a search of economic efficiency,” said Dhiraj Nim, economist with ANZ Banking Group. “Bringing up domestic industries will have a positive impact on manufacturing metrics and jobs, undoubtedly. But much depends upon scale,” he said. Shaktikanta Das, a former central bank governor and now principal secretary in Modi’s office, is spearheading a taskforce that’s drawing up an import substitution blueprint for the economy, officials familiar with the matter said.