Digital euro: The plan to Trump-proof the EU's economy
The EU’s central bank is preparing a digital euro to cut dependence on Visa, Mastercard and Apple Pay. Success hinges on giving consumers an easy-to-use
The EU’s central bank is preparing a digital euro to cut dependence on Visa, Mastercard and Apple Pay. Success hinges on giving consumers an easy-to-use payment system without prompting a flight from bank savings. Digital, or cryptocurrencies, were supposed to revolutionize the way we pay for goods and services. Yet in 2026, when you walk into a store or buy something online, you still reach for cash or your card. Bitcoin's volatility and complexity have kept it from becoming everyday money. That is where the European Central Bank (ECB) steps in with plans for a stable digital currency. For consumers, the digital euro promises a simple way to make secure payments — in shops, online or peer‑to‑peer — backed directly by Europe's central bank. Yet the push for a digital euro isn't just a digital upgrade. It's increasingly become a geopolitical necessity. A pilot of the digital euro could begin next year, with a full rollout in 2029 Image: Daniel Kalker/picture alliance Currency sovereignty in a shifting world In a world where Washington can suddenly rewrite trade rules, impose tariffs overnight, or tighten AI export controls, European Union policymakers believe currency sovereignty is a critical insurance against future knee-jerk moves by the Trump administration. Europe is heavily reliant on payment systems in the United States like Visa and Mastercard, while digital wallets and apps, including Google or Apple Pay and PayPal, add another layer of dependence. "If globally all those transactions become dollar-denominated without a digital euro, it would limit the effectiveness of ECB monetary policy on the traditional euro," Bas van Donselaar, managing partner at the PaymentGenes Consultancy, told DW.
As more trade and payments shift online and increasingly into foreign digital currencies, the digital euro will also help the ECB better manage the money supply, respond to economic crises and protect the currency against external shocks. Other major economies are moving faster, including China’s digital yuan, or e-CNY. Since it was first piloted in 2020, more than 230 million personal and about 18.8 million corporate e-CNY wallets have been created. By the end of November, the Chinese digital currency had processed more than 3.48 billion cumulative retail transactions worth around 16.7 trillion yuan ($2.4 trillion, €2.1 trillion), according to Xinhua news agency. Beijing is now pushing further, expanding cross‑border use and even allowing interest on digital yuan savings. Protecting Europe's financial stability For the digital euro, however, a key challenge is ensuring it does not behave like a full cash bank account. If it did, European banks could be drained of deposits — especially during a crisis such as a bank run — as consumers shift their savings into the digital euro. "If there is no limit on how many digital euros people can hold, it becomes like a substitute for bank accounts," warned Emmanuelle Auriol, professor of economics at the Toulouse School of Economics. To prevent this, the ECB has built in safeguards. A possible €3,000 ($3,420) cap on digital euro holdings would automatically redirect any excess back to a linked bank account. The digital euro would also pay no interest, removing incentives to shift savings out of banks. Companies would be barred from holding large permanent balances. Can the EU control US tech giants?
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