4.5-billion-year-old Sahara meteorite may be the first clue to a lost planet that vanished from our solar system
Why the NWA 12774 angrite meteorite stands out among the oldest volcanic rocks in the solar system New findings challenge what scientists thought about small
Why the NWA 12774 angrite meteorite stands out among the oldest volcanic rocks in the solar system New findings challenge what scientists thought about small asteroid formation How pressure clues point to a moon-sized parent body The problem of overlooked fragments in meteorite collections What remains unresolved A meteorite picked up from the sands of the Sahara has begun to complicate the quiet assumptions scientists often make about the early solar system. It is not the sort of object that draws attention at first glance, just a dark fragment of rock with odd mineral flecks caught under a microscope. Yet inside it sits chemistry that does not quite sit comfortably with what is known about how rocky planets usually come together. The sample, labelled NWA 12774, has been dated back to the earliest days of planetary formation, when the Sun itself was still surrounded by debris and half-formed worlds. What stands out is not its age but what it seems to imply: that something larger, long gone, may have once existed and later been torn apart. The idea is not settled, but it has not been dismissed either.As reported in the study published in ScienceDirect, titled ‘High-pressure clinopyroxene in Northwest Africa 12774 and new geobarometric evidence for a planetary embryo-sized angrite parent body’, NWA 12774 belongs to a rare group of meteorites known as angrites, fragments that come from some of the oldest volcanic material ever found.
They are scattered through museum drawers and research collections in very small numbers, and most have been studied only in passing because they are so scarce.This particular specimen, found in 2019, looks unremarkable until it is placed under cross-polarised light. Then the internal structure begins to show unusual mineral patterns, including crystals that do not match the expected chemistry of typical early asteroids. It is not just composition that raises questions, but how those minerals appear to have formed under conditions of extreme pressure.Within the rock, scientists identified clinopyroxene crystals unusually rich in aluminium. That detail matters because it points to formation under pressures far higher than what a small asteroid could generate.The estimate lands at around 17.5 kilobars, a figure that sounds abstract until it is compared with familiar extremes on Earth. It exceeds the pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench by a wide margin. That level of force would normally be associated with much larger planetary bodies, not small scattered fragments drifting through space.As Bell, one of the researchers involved in the study, put it: “The materials that formed the angrite parent body are fundamentally different from the ingredients of Earth and Mars,” Bell said in a statement. “These meteorites preserved evidence of a completely different pathway through which early planets developed.”What follows from that pressure reading is the uncomfortable suggestion that the parent body of NWA 12774 may have been far bigger than previously assumed.
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