Explained: What is the US-Saudi Arabia nuclear deal, and why is it raising concerns?
The United States and Saudi Arabia have announced a civil nuclear agreement that would allow the kingdom to develop a civilian nuclear energy programme with
The United States and Saudi Arabia have announced a civil nuclear agreement that would allow the kingdom to develop a civilian nuclear energy programme with American technology. The deal, unveiled by the Trump Administration has also sparked criticism over the risks of nuclear proliferation and a possible arms race in the Middle East. What is the US-Saudi Arabia nuclear deal? The agreement, known as a 123 Agreement under the US Atomic Energy Act, establishes a framework for civil nuclear cooperation between the two countries. Under the pact Saudi Arabia will be able to develop a civilian nuclear energy programme with US technology. American companies are expected to build nuclear reactors in the kingdom, generating contracts worth tens of billions of dollars over the coming decades. The agreement supports Saudi Arabia's efforts to diversify its economy and reduce dependence on oil under its Vision 2030 programme. The deal will now be submitted to the US Congress. Unless lawmakers reject it within the review period, it will come into force. The Trump administration says the agreement complies with US non-proliferation laws and contains safeguards to ensure the programme remains peaceful. Is Saudi Arabia allowed to enrich uranium?
This has become the biggest point of controversy. Multiple reports said the agreement would allow Saudi Arabia to enrich uranium and reprocess spent nuclear fuel—two activities that are essential for civilian nuclear power but can also provide the technological basis for producing nuclear weapons. However, President Donald Trump sought to clarify the issue on Truth Social, writing: "There will be no enrichment of material!" The final text of the agreement has not yet been made public, leaving uncertainty over the exact enrichment provisions. Why is the deal significant? The agreement represents a major geopolitical victory for both Washington and Riyadh. For the United States, it Strengthens ties with one of its closest Middle East allies. Helps prevent Saudi Arabia from turning to China or Russia for nuclear technology. Expands commercial opportunities for American nuclear companies. For Saudi Arabia, it Advances its long-standing ambition to develop civilian nuclear energy. Supports economic diversification beyond oil. Gives Riyadh access to advanced US nuclear technology. Also Read | Carney has tried the carrot and the stick with Trump—but neither is working Why are critics worried? 1. Nuclear weapons risk Critics argue that uranium enrichment and spent-fuel reprocessing are technologies that can be used to produce weapons-grade material.
The BriefWire