Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile: Can it be safely transferred?

Reports say Khamenei issued a directive that Iran’s enriched uranium should not be sent abroad. Rising tensions between Washington and Tehran as the US proposes a plan to seize Iranian uranium United States President Donald Trump reiterated on Thursday that the US will not permit Iran to keep its stockpile of highly enriched uranium. However, Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Mojtaba Khamenei, has issued a directive that Iran’s enriched uranium should not be sent abroad, the Reuters news agency reported on Thursday, citing two unnamed senior Iranian sources. The future of the estimated 440kg (970lb) of uranium enriched to 60 percent that Iran is believed to be holding remains a chief sticking point in peace negotiations between the US and Iran. While uranium enriched to 60 percent is still far short of the 90 percent required for weapons-grade material, it is the point at which it becomes much quicker to reach 90 percent, nuclear experts say. But even if Iran were to agree to transferring it, can highly enriched uranium be moved between countries safely? Here’s what we know. What have Trump and Khamenei said about the enriched uranium stockpile? “We will get it. We don’t need it, we don’t want it. We’ll probably destroy it after we get it, but we’re not going to let them have it,” Trump said about Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile when he spoke to reporters at the White House on Thursday. However, the same day, Reuters reported that Iran’s supreme leader had issued a directive prohibiting the removal of the uranium. Reuters additionally reported, citing unnamed Israeli officials, that Trump had assured Israel that Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile will be sent out of Iran and that any peace deal will include a clause on this. “The Supreme Leader’s directive, and the consensus within the establishment, is that the stockpile of enriched uranium should not leave the country,” Reuters reported, quoting one of the two Iranian sources, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter. What do we know about Iran’s enriched uranium? Tehran has said for years that its nuclear programme is for civilian purposes only and that it does not intend to build nuclear weapons. It signed a deal with the US in 2015 to limit its nuclear programme in exchange for sanctions relief. But Trump withdrew from the landmark deal in 2018 and slapped sanctions back on Iran, despite international inspectors stating that Iran had stuck to its side of the deal. As a result of the US withdrawal from that agreement – known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) – and the bombing of Iran’s Natanz nuclear facility in 2021, which Iran blamed on Israel, it decided to enrich uranium from the 3.67 percent allowed under the 2015 deal for nuclear power development purposes, to almost 60 percent. Iran is now believed to be holding about 440kg (970lb) of uranium enriched to 60 percent. A 90 percent threshold of enriched uranium is needed to produce a nuclear weapon. In theory, this amount of enriched uranium – should it be enriched to 90 percent – is enough to produce more than 10 nuclear warheads, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief Rafael Grossi told Al Jazeera in early March. Almost all of Iran’s stockpile is thought to be in the form of hexafluoride gas, which can be stored in small canisters, each about the size of a scuba tank. This is spun in centrifuges to increase the proportion of uranium-235, the isotope that can support nuclear fission chain reactions. Most of Iran’s enriched uranium is believed to be lying underground, beneath the rubble of Iran’s nuclear facilities that were bombed by the US and Israel last year during the 12-day Iran-Israel war. In June 2025, Trump said the US attacks had “obliterated” three Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities at Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan. But Israel, the US and other Western countries now allege that Iran is seeking, or at least preparing the capacity, to build nuclear weapons. They argue that the 60 percent enrichment level achieved so far is well above what is needed for a civilian nuclear energy programme. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said the war will not be considered over until Iran’s enriched uranium is removed, Tehran halts support for its proxy armed groups in the region, and its ballistic missile capabilities are dismantled. What could happen to Iran’s enriched uranium? The US wants this stock to be handed over to it, but Iran was reportedly willing to consider handing it only to a third party. Now, Supreme Leader Khamenei is understood to have issued an order prohibiting its removal at all. Iran’s top diplomat, Abbas Araghchi, told reporters on the sidelines of a meeting of foreign ministers from BRICS nations in New Delhi earlier this month that Iran and the US had reached a “deadlock” on the question of Iran’s “enriched material”. As a result, he said, the topic is being “postponed” until later stages in the talks. “For t